What is Bipolar Affective Disorder?

Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) is a medical diagnosis characterized by wide mood alterations, with periods of both depression and mania that can last several weeks or even months at a time. A person experiencing depression or mania may have intense mood swings and changes in thinking and behaviour.

By definition, Bipolar means sharing two poles (high and low) and Affective Disorder means a disorder having to do with mood i.e. the way you think and feel. In most cases, the high pole is experienced as mania and the low pole experienced as depression.

‘Switching’ from depressive and manic periods can be unpredictable and occur in a short time frame.

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If you were asked to look at this picture and decide which of these positions was classed as a “good” posture, chances are you would probably say the image on the right. The truth is it’s not that simple, and there is a lot of scientific evidence debunking the ideas of good and bad postures.

Common Myths:

  1. Upright = Good and Slouching = Bad.

Let’s start by looking at this idea from an efficiency perspective. If someone is sitting at their desk on their chair which has a backrest, sitting perfectly upright is actually a less mechanically advantageous position to be in as it takes more energy to maintain that position. In contrast, adopting a slightly more slouched position with the back against the backrest is more beneficial as it utilizes less energy to maintain. So if you had to sit at your desk for 8 hours a day, which position sounds better – the one that requires more or less energy to sustain?

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What is Assistive Technology?

The World Health Organisation describes Assistive Technology as products that help to maintain or improve an individual’s functioning and their independence (1).

Assistive Technology supports people to participate in activities that are meaningful and important to them, can improve the safety of the individual using the products and the safety of carers, reduce the need for formal health and support services and long-term care and can increase an individual’s ability to participate within education, work and communities.

Examples of Assistive Technology (left to right):
1. Wheeled walker 2. Elbow crutch 3. Wheelchair
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What is low muscle tone?

Muscle tone is the amount of tension in a muscle. Muscles always have a slight amount of tension (slightly turned on) so that they are always ready to contract when we need to move. Muscle tone is also what helps us hold our bodies upright against gravity when we are sitting and standing and helps us control our movement.

Muscle tone can be thought of as a spectrum; some people have lower muscle tone and some people have higher muscle tone. Low muscle tone, or hypotonia, is when the resting tension of the muscles is reduced. The muscles are often described as ‘floppy’. In most cases, low muscle tone is ‘idiopathic’ meaning the cause is unknown. For a small number of children, low muscle tone is a feature of a neurological or genetic condition. Low muscle tone is also very common in the autistic population.

Image by standret on Freepik
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts how an individual thinks, feels, interacts with others, and experiences their environment. Every autistic individual will have a different combination of strengths and challenges.

How common are movement difficulties in autistic children?

It is an outdated thought that ASD does not affect a child’s gross motor skills. Learning new movements relies on being able to process sensory information, understand and respond to verbal and non-verbal communication, and effectively plan, problem-solve and adapt to changes. These are all skills that autistic children typically have difficulty with.

Research has found that 87% of autistic children aged 5-15 years present with movement difficulties (Bhat 2020).

Research is now also suggesting that gross motor delays during early childhood may actually be an early marker for ASD, before more diagnostically specific signs develop, like communication difficulties (Harris 2017).

Gross motor skills play a significant role in social participation for school-aged children as many formal activities (eg. PE class, sports day), informal activities (eg. play at recess and lunch), and out-of-school recreation (eg. social gatherings) often have active components at this age.

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Let’s face it…life is hectic! We all have a tendency to become creatures of habit…falling into a predictable routine, moving through the same motions, day in and day out. Don’t get us wrong, having a routine is fantastic! It keeps us organised, helps us form healthy habits and reduce stress! However…there are many benefits, physically and mentally to challenging ourselves to expand outside our norm.

We all know that regular exercise is imperative to promoting a healthy lifestyle and optimising our functioning every day. When it comes to exercise, there are many benefits to switching up your routine and trying different forms of movements. This may feel like it is outside of your comfort zone but rest assured not only your body, but your brain will absorb so many wonderful benefits from trying something new. 

At The Physio Clinic, we provide a fantastic space for all our clients to utilise our knowledge and clinical assessment to access and enjoy a tailored exercise program to reap all of the benefits in our Physio Exercise Classes (PEC). 

With the variety of equipment, individualised programs and Physiotherapist supervision in each class, there is no limit to what you can achieve and no shortage of opportunities to reach your goals, whether these be improvements in strength, endurance, rehabilitation, pain relief, balance, mobility…the list goes on and on! 

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Stroke is usually associated with older people, however this is not always the case. Young stroke is defined by a haemorrhagic (bleed) or ischaemic (blockage) stroke which occurs in an individual aged 18-65 years old. 

The Stroke Foundation reports that in 2020 there were 27,428 Australians who experienced stroke for the first time in their lives. This equates to one stroke every 19 minutes. More than 445,087 Australians are currently living with the effects of stroke. In 2020, 24% of first-ever strokes occurred in people aged 54 years and under. That equates to approximately 20 strokes per day affecting a young person under the age of 65. 

Regardless of age, it is important to recognise stroke and think F.A.S.T

  • F 🡪 Face – has their mouth drooped? 
  • A 🡪 Arms – can they lift both arms? 
  • S 🡪 Speech – is their speech slurred? Can they understand you? 
  • T 🡪 Time – time is vital, if you recognise these signs call 000 immediately
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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common inner ear problem and cause of vertigo (a false sense of spinning). Each word in the name ‘BPPV’ is important in describing the condition: 

  • Benign means it is not life-threatening, even though the symptoms can be intense and disabling. 
  • Paroxysmal means that the symptoms come in sudden, short spells. 
  • Positional means that certain head positions or movements trigger symptoms. 
  • Vertigo is the term used to describe the feeling that you are spinning or the world around you is spinning. 
Cervicogenic-Headaches
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Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition relating to the compression of structures including the brachial plexus (a bundle of nerves supplying the arm), a major artery and vein, through an anatomical area called your thoracic outlet. This area is located between your lower neck, collar bone and first rib. 

What are the signs & symptoms?

Compression of this area can cause many symptoms most commonly in the arm, hand, and neck. You could experience one of more of the following: 

  • Pain
  • Muscle weakness and wasting
  • Pins and needles
  • Numbness
  • Paleness of the skin
  • Temperature changes

This collection of symptoms can also closely mimic other more serious medical conditions, so it’s important that you seek expert advice without delay.  

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